Rotary cutter.



No. 716,694. Patented Dec. 23, I902.

- J. ETTINGER.

ROTARY CUTTER.

(Application filed July 7, 1902.)

(No Model.)

avwemtoz 0682 L'Ziz'rzger M MAMA m: ngmms was re. womumm, wAsrlmurun n c UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE. Y

JOEL ETTINGER, OF CHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO SAMUEL J.

I SHIMER & SONS, OF MILTON, PENNSYLVANIA, A FIRM.

ROTARY CUTTER.

srncxrrcnrron forming part of Letters resent No. 716,694, dated December 23, 1902.

Application filed July 7, 1902. Serial No. 114,554. (No model.) 7

zen of the United States, residing at Chester,

in the county of Delaware and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and usef ul Improvements in Rotary Outters,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to rotary cutters of the class especially adapted to p out tongues and grooves for matching coping's. The object of my invention is to so improve cutters of this class that they may cut freely without burning thewood, having the necessary clearance at all points. In cutters of this class it is necessary to provide for cutting the grooves to match ornamental patterns. Hence it has been found difficult to equip a cutterwith bits that will clear themselves or clear each other, and usually the bits are allowed to operate without being fully cleared, and hence burn the wood.

In carrying out my invention I provide a cutter-head with one or more circular bits, which, as usual, are so shaped as to give the necessary edge clearance and which are so inclined as to give clearance on the 'ornamental or molded side. Heretofore no means have been provided in cutters of this class for giving the necessary clearance on the opposite or plain side of the bit. Inorder to accomplish this, I provide one or more cutters independent of those first mentioned, which while themselves having the necessary clearance cut away a sufficient portion of the wood to give clearance to the circular bits on that side which would otherwise not clear, and therefore tend to burn the wood. Preferably I equip each cutter-head with two circular bits and two auxiliary cutters and will here- 0 inafter describe such a cutter, but wish it understood that I do not limit myself in all the claims of this patent to the precise number shown.

Coping-cutters, it will be understood, are

those which out two parallel grooves from a board in such manner as to leave an interposed tongue. Two cutter-heads of similar construction are used for this purpose, each adapted to cut one of the grooves and leave an interposed tongue. The sides of the grooves opposite the tongue usually have an irregular ornamental surface.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows a bottom plan View of a rotary cutter embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a top plan View thereof, showing the shaft to which the cutter-head is attached in section. Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the cutters. Fig. 4 shows a side elevation of the cutter-head when in one position, and Fig. 5 shows a side elevation of the cutterhead in another position. Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the form of grooves cut by the bits and indicating also how the auxiliary cutters and circular'bits clear each other. Fig. 7 shows a transverse central section through the cutter-head with the bits removed, and Fig. 8 shows a bottom plan View of the cutter-head with the bits removed.

The cutter-head A is made solid, and it is provided with seats for the circular bits B, which are of usual construction. The seats for the bits B are tangentially inclined in the manner particularly shown in Figs. 3 and 4, so as to give the bits clearance on their inner or molded sidesnext the cutter-head, and as the bits are circular they of course have the necessary edge clearance. It will be observed, however, byreference to Fig. 3 that the outer or plain sides of the bits are not cleared. Provision is made for clearing these outer sides, as will be hereinafter described. The circular bits are seen red in their seats by any approved fastening device. Those shown are of usual construction. I

The bits O,which,as shown,are straight,have saw-teeth c at their outer ends, and they are grooved on one side, as indicated, so that the bits may be readily sharpened, it being'only necessary to grind the front ends, the grooves giving the toothed formation to the bits as they are ground back. The bits C are mounted in seats interposed between the seats of the bits B, and they are secured together by suitable fastening devices D D of well-known construction. The seats of the bits 0 are re.- dially inclined from the outer edge of the cutter-head inwardly, as indicated in Fig. 4:. One way of producing such inclined seats is to dish the cutter-head in the manner indicatcd in Fig. 7. By inclining the bits 0 in the manner stated they are given clearance on their outer surfaces, and the outer ends of the bits are so arranged as to clear the outer or plain sides of the circular bits.

Referring now to Fig. 3, it will be observed that the circular bit B is arranged to cut a groove, (indicated between the lines 1 and 2.) The top or molded surface of the bit next the line 1 is cleared, but the outer or plain side of the bit between the lines 2 and 3 is not cleared by any particular formation of the bit itself. The bit 0, however, is arranged to carve out the Wood between the lines 2 and 3, and thus clears the bit B in the manner clearly indicated in Fig. 3. The bit C, as before stated, has clearance on one side, and if it operated alone would bind on the opposite side, but bearing in mind that the bits revolve rapidly and enter the wood gradually it is clear that the bits B will clear the bits 0 on that side where they would tend to bind, while the bits 0 clear the bits B where they would be inclined to bind.

In Fig. 6 Ihave indicated one form ofjoint which may be produced by a coping-cutter of this class. It will be observed by reference to the dotted lines that the bits are fully cleared and will operate smoothly. It is usual to employ two cutter-heads arranged end to end a short distance from each other on rotary shafts, one to cut one of the groovesa: and

another to cut the other groove 00 in the board X. The cutting edges of the main cutters B have curved portions in order to cut grooves to match the ornamental coping, and one surface of each bit is molded. All coping-cutters have such molded, curved, or ornamental contour. It is essential that the cutters B should be arranged to cut in the same plane and that their cutting edges should be of the same contour in order to produce the same design. It is also essential that their seats should be correspondingly inclined for the same reason. It is desirable that the seats of the cutters B should be inclined in only one direction-namely, tangentially with reference to the axis of the cutter-head-and that the seats of the cutter 0 when straight auxiliary cutters are employed should also be inclined in one direction onlynamely, radiallyfor if straight wide cutters, such as shown in the drawings, are inclined tangentially as Well as radially they would not cut efficiently, but would destroy the design cut by the cutters B. It will be observed that the auxiliary cutters do not overlap the main cutters to any great extent. Care is taken that these auxiliary cutters shall operate outside the paths traversed by the curved portions of the cutting edges of the main cutters; otherwise the auxiliary cutters would destroy the ornamental pattern cut by the main cutters. The cutting edges of the auxiliary cutters are therefore made relatively thin. The ends of the shafts of the cutter-heads are arranged quite close together, and it is desirable to provide convenient means for slipping the cutters on the shafts laterally and then securing them thereto.

It has been usual heretofore to secure the cutter-heads to the shafts by means of screws which extend laterally through the body of the cutter-head in a diagonal direction; but in order to attach the cutter-heads to the shafts in this way it is necessary to give many turns to the screws in order to permit them to clear the shafts when the cutter-head is being put in place laterally, and in like manner before the cutter-head can be detached from the shaft it is necessary to move the screws quite a long distance. I have provided means whereby the cutter-head may be attached and detached quickly. It will be observed that on its inner face the cutterhead is formed with a semicircular hub E. Around this hub there is a ring F, formed with a boss f, through which extends a setscrew G. The ring F is loose and may be removed and replaced'when desired.

The cutter-head may be readily attached to a shaft in the following manner: The ring F, carrying the set-screw G, is first slid onto the end of the shaft. Then the cutter-head is attached to the end of the shaft by causing the shaft to enter through the opening e in the hub E. Then the ring F is moved over the hub E into the position shown in Fig. 2, and then the set-screw is made fast. This operation is very quick. In removing the cutter-head one turn to the set-screw will release the connection, the ring may be left on the shaft, and the cutter-head immediately removed.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination of a cutter-head, a bit thereon formed with a molded surface on one side having the requisite clearance, and an auxiliary cutter on the cutter-head having clearance on one side, and which has a relatively thin cutting edge for carving a clearance for the uncleared side of the molded bit.

2. The combination of a cutter-head, circular bits thereon each formed with a molded surface on one side having the requisite clearance, and auxiliary cutters each having clearance on one side, and which have relatively thin cutting edges for carving a clearance for the uncleared sides of the molded bits, but which traverse a path outside that traversed by the curved or molded portions of the molded bits.

3. The combination of a cutter-head, circular bits thereon each having a molded surface on one side and each inclined tangentially to give it clearance on its molded side, and straight flat auxiliary cutters mounted in radially-inclined seats on the cutter-head, and which carve a clearance for the uncleared sides of the molded bit and traverse paths outside the paths traversed by the molded portions of said bits.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

JOEL ETTINGER. Witnesses:

W. A. N EAGLEY, A. L. ANDERSON. 

